Yogas Darsana

Yoga Darsana refers to the “Lense”, "philosophical view" or "school of thought" within the discipline of Yoga. Yoga is a philosophical practice that originated in India and has been used for physical, mental, and spiritual development. Yoga Darsana refers to the various philosophical systems and teachings that have developed within the tradition of Yoga. Some of the most well-known Yoga Darsanas include Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, which is considered the foundational text of classical Yoga, and the Bhagavad Gita, which is a key text in the Yoga tradition. Other important Yoga Darsanas include Hatha Yoga, Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Bhakti Yoga. Each Darsana offers a unique perspective and approach to the practice of Yoga

Modern Postural Yoga

Modern postural yoga is a physical practice that emphasizes the alignment and proper form of the body in yoga poses, which was developed in the late 19th century and popularized by several teachers and methodologies, it aims to improve posture, balance, muscle strength and prevent injuries.

Dualism

From a Samkhya lens, dualism refers to the belief in the separation of the self (purusha) from the external world (prakriti). Samkhya is one of the oldest philosophical systems in India and it posits that there are two ultimate realities in the universe: purusha and prakriti. Purusha is the unchanging, eternal, and pure consciousness, while prakriti is the changing, material world that is composed of the three gunas (sattva, rajas, and tamas).

According to Samkhya, the goal of human existence is to achieve a state of separation or liberation (kaivalya) from prakriti, by realizing that purusha is different and separate from prakriti. This realization allows the purusha to become a witness to the actions of prakriti, but not to be affected by them.

In summary, in Samkhya, dualism is the belief in the separation of the self (purusha) from the external world (prakriti). The ultimate goal is to achieve a state of separation or liberation from prakriti, by realizing that purusha is different and separate from prakriti.

Non-Dualism

From a Hindu lens, non-dualism (Advaita) refers to the belief that the ultimate reality is one, and that the apparent duality of the individual self (Atman) and the external world (Brahman) is an illusion. This belief is based on the idea that the individual self is not separate from the ultimate reality, but is in fact identical to it.

In Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate reality is known as Brahman, which is eternal, unchanging, and infinite consciousness. Brahman is the ultimate reality, and the source of all things. It is believed that the individual self (Atman) is also a part of Brahman, and that the goal of spiritual practice is to realize this oneness through self-knowledge. This realization is known as "Self-realization" or "enlightenment" and is considered to be the ultimate goal of human existence.

In summary, in Hinduism, non-dualism (Advaita) refers to the belief that the ultimate reality is one, and that the apparent duality of the individual self and the external world is an illusion. The ultimate reality is known as Brahman, which is eternal, unchanging, and infinite consciousness and the goal of spiritual practice is to realize this oneness through self-knowledge, which is known as "Self-realization" or "enlightenment."